Mathematics of natural intelligence

TL;DR

This paper develops mathematical models of the brain's cognitive structures, such as the cognitome and consciousness, based on new mathematical results and a general principle of causal discovery, to better understand natural intelligence.

Contribution

It introduces novel mathematical models of cognitive brain structures and processes, grounded in a principle of causal discovery, advancing the theoretical understanding of natural intelligence.

Findings

Models of the cognitome and consciousness are derived mathematically.

The models unify various theories of cognition and consciousness.

The approach offers a new framework for understanding brain functions.

Abstract

In the process of evolution, the brain has achieved such perfection that artificial intelligence systems do not have and which needs its own mathematics. The concept of cognitome, introduced by the academician K.V. Anokhin, as the cognitive structure of the mind -- a high-order structure of the brain and a neural hypernetwork, is considered as the basis for modeling. Consciousness then is a special form of dynamics in this hypernetwork -- a large-scale integration of its cognitive elements. The cognitome, in turn, consists of interconnected COGs (cognitive groups of neurons) of two types -- functional systems and cellular ensembles. K.V. Anokhin sees the task of the fundamental theory of the brain and mind in describing these structures, their origin, functions and processes in them. The paper presents mathematical models of these structures based on new mathematical results, as well as models of different cognitive processes in terms of these models. In addition, it is shown that these models can be derived based on a fairly general principle of the brain works: \textit{the brain discovers all possible causal relationships in the external world and draws all possible conclusions from them}. Based on these results, the paper presents models of: ``natural" classification; theory of functional brain systems by P.K. Anokhin; prototypical theory of categorization by E. Roche; theory of causal models by Bob Rehter; theory of consciousness as integrated information by G. Tononi.