Semi-Robust Communication Complexity of Maximum Matching

TL;DR

This paper investigates the communication complexity of maximum matching in a semi-robust setting, showing a simple protocol achieves a 3/4-approximation, which is tight and also applies to the fully robust setting.

Contribution

It introduces a simple, effective protocol for semi-robust maximum matching and analyzes its approximation ratio, establishing tight bounds and implications for the fully robust setting.

Findings

Simple protocol achieves 3/4-approximation in semi-robust setting

Analysis is tight, with an example showing only 0.832-approximation in some cases

Protocol also yields 3/4-approximation in fully robust setting

Abstract

We study the one-way two-party communication complexity of Maximum Matching in the semi-robust setting where the edges of a maximum matching are randomly partitioned between Alice and Bob, but all remaining edges of the input graph are adversarially partitioned between the two parties. We show that the simple protocol where Alice solely communicates a lexicographically-first maximum matching of their edges to Bob is surprisingly powerful: We prove that it yields a $3/4$-approximation in expectation and that our analysis is tight. The semi-robust setting is at least as hard as the fully robust setting. In this setting, all edges of the input graph are randomly partitioned between Alice and Bob, and the state-of-the-art result is a fairly involved $5/6$-approximation protocol that is based on the computation of edge-degree constrained subgraphs [Azarmehr, Behnezhad, ICALP'23]. Our protocol also immediately yields a $3/4$-approximation in the fully robust setting. One may wonder whether an improved analysis of our protocol in the fully robust setting is possible: While we cannot rule this out, we give an instance where our protocol only achieves a $0.832 < 5/6 = 0.83$-approximation. Hence, while our simple protocol performs surprisingly well, it cannot be used to improve over the state-of-the-art in the fully robust setting.