Pockels effect induced strong Kerr nonlinearity in a lithium niobate waveguide

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a significant enhancement of Kerr nonlinearity in lithium niobate waveguides via the Pockels effect, enabling efficient broadband wavelength conversion and potential applications in quantum optics and spectroscopy.

Contribution

The study introduces a method to induce strong Kerr nonlinearity in lithium niobate waveguides through the Pockels effect, overcoming material limitations and enabling broadband nonlinear optical processes.

Findings

Achieved a maximum FWM output power of -8.5 dBm over 116.8 nm spectrum.

Induced effective nonlinear refractive index of 2.9×10^{-15} m^2/W, 16,000 times the intrinsic value.

Confirmed broadband, flat optic-to-optic response preserving signal integrity.

Abstract

The utilization of Kerr nonlinearity in lithium niobate has been extensively investigated over the years. Nevertheless, the practical implementation of Kerr nonlinearity in waveguides has been constrained by the material's inherently low third-order nonlinear coefficients. Here, we present a significant advancement by demonstrating Pockels effect-induced strong Kerr nonlinearity in a periodically poled thin-film lithium niobate waveguide. Both effective four-wave mixing (FWM) and cascaded effective FWM processes are experimentally observed. The induced FWM process achieves a remarkable maximum output power of -8.5 dBm, spanning a wavelength spectrum of over 116.8 nm. Analysis reveals that the induced effective Kerr nonlinearity exhibits a substantial effective nonlinear refractive index as $2.9\times 10^{-15} m^{2}W^{-1}$, corresponding to an effective nonlinear refractive index enhancement factor of $1.6\times 10^{4}$ relative to the intrinsic value. Moreover, a wavelength-converting experiment demonstrates a flat optic-to-optic response over a broadband radiofrequency spectrum, confirming that signal integrity is well preserved after on-chip effective FWM conversion. Therefore, the demonstrated efficient and broadband Pockels effect induced effective Kerr nonlinearity paves the way for novel applications in diverse fields, including spectroscopy, parametric amplification, quantum correlation studies, and wavelength conversion technologies.