5D Rotating Black Holes as dark matter in Dark Dimension Scenario: Hawking Radiation versus the Memory Burden Effect

TL;DR

This paper investigates five-dimensional rotating primordial black holes within the dark dimension scenario, showing they can survive longer and potentially account for all dark matter due to slowed mass loss and the memory burden effect.

Contribution

It demonstrates that 5D rotating black holes can be viable dark matter candidates, with prolonged lifetimes influenced by the memory burden effect in the dark dimension framework.

Findings

Primordial black holes with initial mass >10^{10}g can survive to present day.

Mass loss of 5D black holes is significantly slower than 4D counterparts.

Memory burden effect extends the lifetime of 5D rotating black holes.

Abstract

This work explores the possibility that five-dimensional primordial rotating black holes could account for all, or a significant portion, of the dark matter in our universe. Our analysis is performed within the context of the ``dark dimension'' scenario, a theoretical consequence of the Swampland Program that predicts a single micron-scale extra dimension to explain the observed value of dark energy. We demonstrate that within this scenario, the mass loss of a primordial rotating black hole sensitive to the fifth dimension is significantly slower than that of its four-dimensional counterpart. Consequently, primordial black holes with an initial mass of $M\gtrsim 10^{10}$g can survive to the present day and potentially constitute the dominant form of dark matter. Finally, we investigate the memory burden effect and find that it dramatically prolongs the lifetime of five-dimensional rotating primordial black holes, making them compelling candidates for all the dark matter in the universe.