Advanced microwave SQUID multiplexer model incorporating readout power effects and Josephson junction inhomogeneities

TL;DR

This paper introduces an advanced microwave SQUID multiplexer model that accounts for readout power effects and Josephson junction inhomogeneities, enhancing accuracy and enabling better device optimization.

Contribution

The model extends the understanding of SQUID multiplexers by including non-sinusoidal current-phase relations and junction inhomogeneities, covering the full practical parameter range.

Findings

Model significantly improves agreement with experimental data.

Supports non-sinusoidal current-phase relations for inhomogeneous junctions.

Enables optimization beyond previous parameter limitations.

Abstract

We present an advanced model for describing the readout power dependence of the resonance characteristics of a microwave SQUID multiplexer. Our model proves valid for SQUID screening parameters up to $\beta_\mathrm{L}<1$, hence covering the full range of practically relevant design parameters. We demonstrate that our model significantly improves agreement with experimental data compared to the existing models, thereby enabling optimization beyond the previously accessible parameter space. Moreover, our model supports non-sinusoidal current-phase relations of the rf-SQUID's Josephson junction, allowing, for the first time, for the modeling of devices based on Josephson tunnel junctions with inhomogeneous tunnel barriers. We show that the effects of such inhomogeneities are qualitatively similar to, yet distinct from, those of the screening parameter, making their inclusion essential for accurate characterization. Incorporating these effects yields great improved agreement with measurements, even at readout power conditions well beyond typical operating parameters.