A tensor phase theory with applications in multilinear control

TL;DR

This paper develops a phase theory for tensors under the Einstein product, introducing sectorial tensor decomposition, phase quantification, and a tensor small phase theorem, with applications in stability analysis of multilinear control systems.

Contribution

It introduces a novel tensor phase theory with sectorial decomposition, phase bounds, and a tensor small phase theorem, advancing multilinear control system analysis.

Findings

Derived sectorial tensor decomposition for defining tensor phases.

Proposed numerical procedures for computing tensor phases.

Established bounds on eigenvalue angles of tensor products.

Abstract

The purpose of this paper is to initiate a phase theory for tensors under the Einstein product, and explore its applications in multilinear control systems. Firstly, the sectorial tensor decomposition for sectorial tensors is derived, which allows us to define phases for sectorial tensors. A numerical procedure for computing phases of a sectorial tensor is also proposed. Secondly, the maximin and minimax expressions for tensor phases are given, which are used to quantify how close the phases of a sectorial tensor are to those of its compressions. Thirdly, the compound spectrum, compound numerical ranges and compound angular numerical ranges of two sectorial tensors $A,B$ are defined and characterized in terms of the compound numerical ranges and compound angular numerical ranges of the sectorial tensors $A,B$. Fourthly, it is shown that the angles of eigenvalues of the product of two sectorial tensors are upper bounded by the sum of their individual phases. Finally, based on the tensor phase theory developed above, a tensor version of the small phase theorem is presented, which can be regarded as a natural generalization of the matrix case, recently proposed in Ref. [10]. The results offer powerful new tools for the stability and robustness analysis of multilinear feedback control systems.