BlockFLEX: An Adaptive and Survivable Architecture with Hierarchical Routing for LEO Satellite Networks

TL;DR

BlockFLEX introduces an adaptive, hierarchical routing architecture for LEO satellite networks that enhances survivability and stability amid topology changes and link failures, outperforming existing schemes.

Contribution

It proposes a novel hierarchical routing scheme with adaptive forwarding modes and a protection mechanism, improving survivability and efficiency in LEO satellite networks.

Findings

Achieves 2x improvement in reachability under 30% link failures

Maintains near-100% routing availability

Reduces routing computation time by at least 36%

Abstract

This paper presents \textbf{BlockFLEX}, an adaptive and survivable architecture with a hierarchical routing scheme for Low Earth Orbit satellite networks, designed to address dynamic topology changes and severe link failures. By organizing satellites into autonomous blocks, BlockFLEX establishes a survivable underlay network that masks network volatility and offers a stable overlay view. The architecture employs a hierarchical routing scheme integrating both convergence-free geographic routing and convergence-isolated routing. Furthermore, BlockFLEX adaptively switches between stateful and stateless forwarding modes, enabling efficient, resilient, and stable routing via a dedicated protection mechanism and an optimized source satellite selection algorithm. Experimental evaluations on current operational LEO satellite networks (LSNs) demonstrate that under scenarios with up to 30\% random link failures, the proposed method achieves a $2\times$ improvement in reachability compared to current leading schemes, while maintaining near-100\% routing availability. Moreover, the overhead of control messages and forwarding information base (FIB) updates remains below $0.2\%$ of that in OSPF, accompanied by a $\geq 36\%$ reduction in routing computation time and a $\geq 50\%$ decrease in latency jitter.