Thermal liquid-gas phase transition in a quasi-one-dimensional dipolar Fermi gas

TL;DR

This paper explores the thermodynamics and phase transitions of a quasi-one-dimensional dipolar Fermi gas, revealing a liquid-gas transition and phase coexistence, with implications for understanding self-bound fermionic matter and nuclear analogs.

Contribution

It introduces a theoretical analysis of finite-temperature phase structure and liquid-gas transition in a dipolar Fermi gas using Hartree-Fock approximation, highlighting tunable interactions.

Findings

Identification of a liquid-gas phase transition in the system

Finite-temperature phase diagram with coexistence and spinodal regions

Comparison with nuclear matter phase behavior

Abstract

We theoretically investigate thermodynamic properties in a quasi-one-dimensional single-component dipolar Fermi gas at finite temperatures. The self-bound fermionic droplet can be achieved by exchange correlations with the long-range dipole-dipole interactions under the quasi-one-dimensional confinement, where the interaction can be tuned by tilting the dipoles along the system coordinate. Using the Hartree-Fock approximation, we show how the liquid-gas phase transition occurs in this system, and elucidate the finite-temperature phase structure consisting of the gas phase, liquid phase, their coexistence, and the spinodal phase. We also discuss its similarity with the liquid-gas phase transition in nuclear matter through the comparison with phenomenological models. Our results would be useful for an interdisciplinary understanding of self-bound fermionic matter as well as an analog quantum simulation of nuclear systems.