Vortex leapfrogging and superfluid dissipation mechanisms in a fluid of light

TL;DR

This paper experimentally demonstrates vortex leapfrogging in a fluid of light, revealing how vortex interactions and dissipation mechanisms occur in a superfluid-like optical system.

Contribution

It provides the first experimental observation of vortex leapfrogging in a fluid of light and identifies key dissipation mechanisms affecting vortex dynamics.

Findings

Vortex leapfrogging observed and modeled accurately.

Dissipation from phase-slip events at high velocities.

Dispersive shock waves from multi-charged vortices cause phase slippage.

Abstract

We report the experimental observation of vortex leapfrogging in a two-dimensional fluid of light. By imprinting two vortex-antivortex pairs and tracking their real-time evolution through phase-resolved imaging, we observe a dynamics that is accurately described by a point-vortex model with an outward background flow. By precisely controlling the initial vortex separation, we identify configurations in which leapfrogging breaks down and determine the corresponding dissipation mechanisms. The first originates from phase-slip events occurring at large injected velocities. The second arises when the injection of multi-charged vortices leads to the formation of a dispersive shock wave which acts as a continuous source of phase slippage. These mechanisms advance our understanding of vortex dynamics and dissipation in superfluids.