Single-cell identification with quantum-enhanced nuclear magnetic resonance

TL;DR

This paper introduces a novel quantum-enhanced NMR technique using diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers for label-free identification of single cells based on their intrinsic proton relaxation properties, advancing cell sorting and diagnostics.

Contribution

It demonstrates a new quantum NMR method for label-free single-cell identification by measuring intrinsic proton relaxation times, enabling applications in personalized medicine.

Findings

Successfully distinguished two tumor cell lines by their $T_1$ relaxation times.

Established a foundation for label-free cell sorting in rare cell analysis.

Showcased potential for single-cell diagnostics and personalized medicine.

Abstract

Identification of individual cells within heterogeneous populations is essential for biomedical research and clinical diagnostics. Conventional labeling-based sorting methods, such as fluorescence-activated cell sorting and magnetic-activated cell sorting, enable precise sorting when reliable markers are available. However, their applicability is limited in cells lacking defined markers or sensitive to labeling, as labeling can compromise cellular viability and function. We present a single-cell identification approach using quantum-enhanced NMR with diamond nitrogen-vacancy centers for label-free detection of intracellular proton ($^1$H) signals. Using this method, we distinguish two human tumor cell lines by their proton spin-lattice ($T_1$) relaxation times, which serve as a cell-intrinsic physicochemical signature. It lays the groundwork for label-free sorting applications in rare cell analysis, personalized medicine, and single-cell diagnostics.