Design and Performance of a 96-channel Resistive PICOSEC Micromegas Detector for ENUBET

TL;DR

This paper presents a large-area 96-channel PICOSEC-Micromegas detector achieving sub-50 ps timing resolution, demonstrating scalability, uniformity, and robustness for high-energy physics applications like ENUBET.

Contribution

The work introduces a scalable, high-granularity 96-channel PICOSEC-Micromegas detector with validated timing performance suitable for neutrino beam experiments.

Findings

Achieved 43 ps timing resolution across the detector area.

Validated uniformity of signal timing over the large-area detector.

Confirmed mechanical flatness as critical for optimal timing performance.

Abstract

The PICOSEC-Micromegas (PICOSEC-MM) detector is a fast gaseous detector that achieves picosecond-level timing by coupling a Cherenkov radiator, typically an MgF2 crystal, to a Micromegas-based photodetector with a photocathode. This configuration allows the fast photoelectron-induced signal to suppress the intrinsic time jitter of gaseous detectors, enabling sub-20 ps timing precision while preserving the robustness and scalability of micro-pattern gaseous detector technologies. The 96-pad PICOSEC-MM detector is a large-area demonstrator optimized for precision timing in high-energy physics, building on research and development insights from earlier 7-pad resistive prototypes to validate scalability, uniformity, and robustness for the ENUBET project. It employs a 2.5 nm diamond-like carbon photocathode and a Micromegas board with a surface resistivity of 10 megaohms per square, and was characterized using 150 GeV/c muons at the CERN SPS beamline, with one-third of the active area instrumented per run. A dedicated alignment procedure for multi-pad PICOSEC-MM systems was used to reconstruct pad centers and merge measurements across regions, yielding a timing resolution of 43 ps and uniform signal arrival time distributions over the tested area. Mechanical flatness was identified as a key factor, with planarity tolerances within 10 micrometers required to maintain good timing resolution, and the successful operation of the 96-pad demonstrator confirms the scalability of the PICOSEC-MM concept toward robust, high-granularity, picosecond-level gaseous timing detectors for monitored neutrino beam experiments such as ENUBET.