Expanding the Neutral Atom Gate Set: Native iSWAP and Exchange Gates from Dipolar Rydberg Interactions

TL;DR

This paper introduces high-fidelity native iSWAP and exchange gates for neutral atom quantum computers using dipolar Rydberg interactions, optimized for speed and noise resilience.

Contribution

It presents a novel method to implement native iSWAP and exchange gates with optimal control, expanding the capabilities of neutral atom quantum processors.

Findings

Achieved >99.9% fidelity for iSWAP gates under realistic conditions.

Developed noise-aware pulse protocols reducing susceptibility to atomic motion and laser noise.

Demonstrated fast, high-fidelity gates suitable for scalable quantum computing.

Abstract

We present a native realization of iSWAP and parameterized exchange gates for neutral atom quantum processing units. Our approach leverages strong dipole-dipole interactions between two dipole-coupled Rydberg states, and employs optimal control techniques to design time-efficient, high-fidelity gate protocols. To minimize experimental complexity, we utilize global driving terms acting identically on all atoms. We implement a noise-aware pulse selection strategy to identify candidate protocols with reduced susceptibility to certain noise sources, then analyze their performance under realistic noise sources -- including atomic motion, Rydberg decay, and experimentally motivated laser phase and intensity noise. For a $^{88}$Sr-based architecture, we demonstrate fast iSWAP gate protocols which exceed fidelities of $99.9\%$ under realistic experimental conditions. These results pave the way for expanding the neutral atom gate set beyond typical Rydberg blockade-based entangling gates.