Movable Antenna Assisted Flexible Beamforming for Integrated Sensing and Communication in Vehicular Networks

TL;DR

This paper introduces movable antenna technology combined with advanced optimization algorithms to enhance integrated sensing and communication in vehicular networks, significantly improving data rates and sensing accuracy in dynamic environments.

Contribution

It proposes novel algorithms for joint antenna positioning and beamforming optimization in V2I networks using movable antennas, addressing both unconstrained and QoS-constrained scenarios.

Findings

Enhanced communication sum-rate demonstrated in simulations

Improved motion parameter estimation accuracy

Effective optimization algorithms for dynamic environments

Abstract

Integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) has been recognized as a key technology in sixth-generation wireless networks, and the additional spatial degrees of freedom obtained by movable antenna (MA) technology can significantly improve the performance of ISAC systems. This paper considers an ISAC-assisted vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I) network, where extended kalman filter-based prediction is combined with real-time optimization to jointly optimize transmit antenna positions and beamforming and power allocation vectors in dynamic environments. We propose two algorithms: a preprocessing-schur complement-projected gradient ascent algorithm for scenarios without sensing quality of service (QoS) constraints, which explores the potential range of sensing performance to provide reference and warm-starting for subsequent constrained optimization; and a heuristic reflective projected dynamic particle swarm optimization algorithm for sensing QoS-constrained scenarios, which achieves substantial performance gains under non-convex constraints with a small number of iterations. Simulation results demonstrate that these approaches enhance both the communication sum-rate and the lower of the Cram\'er-Rao lower bound of motion parameter estimation, validating the effectiveness of MA-assisted beamforming in dynamic V2I ISAC networks.