A Quantum Gate Architecture via Teleportation and Entanglement

TL;DR

The paper introduces QGATE, a universal quantum computing architecture combining measurement-driven and circuit model approaches, optimized for photonic systems with entanglement and teleportation, enabling complex quantum operations.

Contribution

It presents a novel quantum gate architecture that integrates measurement-based and circuit-based methods for photonic quantum computers, allowing universal computation with entanglement and teleportation.

Findings

Achieves universal quantum computing with photonic qubits using QGATE.

Demonstrates implementation of Hamiltonian evolutions via multi-qubit Pauli operators.

Calculates loss thresholds for fault-tolerant logical qubits in photonic systems.

Abstract

We present a universal quantum computing architecture which combines the measurement-driven aspect of MBQC with the circuit model's algorithm dependent generation of qubit entanglement. Our architecture, which we call QGATE, is tailored for discrete-variable photonic quantum computers with deterministic photon sources capable of generating 1D entangled photonic states. QGATE achieves universal quantum computing on a logical data qubit register via the implementation of Clifford operations, QGATE ancilla, and arbitrary angle single-qubit measurements. We realise unitary evolutions defined by multi-qubit Pauli strings via the generation of entanglement between a sub-set of logical qubits and a mutual QGATE ancilla qubit. Measurement of the QGATE ancilla in the appropriate basis then implements a given term of the desired unitary operation. This enables QGATE to both directly perform Hamiltonian evolutions in terms of a series of multi-qubit Pauli operators, in terms of projectors for an arbitrary sparse Hamiltonian, or realise multi-controlled gates enabling direct translation of circuit models to QGATE. We consider examples inspired by quantum chemistry and computational fluid dynamics. We propose an example photonic implementation of QGATE and calculate thresholds of $10.36\pm0.02\%$ or $25.98\pm0.28\%$ on the photonic loss for logical qubits constructed from foliated rotated surface codes, dependent on the deployment of intra-layer or inter-layer fusion respectively.