A Hierarchical Tree-based approach for creating Configurable and Static Deep Research Agent (Static-DRA)

TL;DR

This paper presents Static-DRA, a configurable hierarchical agent for deep research tasks that balances research quality and computational cost through user-tunable parameters, validated by benchmark evaluations.

Contribution

Introduces Static-DRA, a hierarchical, static workflow for research agents with tunable depth and breadth parameters for controlled research depth and resource use.

Findings

Increasing Depth and Breadth improves research depth and evaluation scores.

Static-DRA achieves a score of 34.72 on the DeepResearch Bench.

The approach offers transparent control over research quality and computational resources.

Abstract

The advancement in Large Language Models has driven the creation of complex agentic systems, such as Deep Research Agents (DRAs), to overcome the limitations of static Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) pipelines in handling complex, multi-turn research tasks. This paper introduces the Static Deep Research Agent (Static-DRA), a novel solution built upon a configurable and hierarchical Tree-based static workflow. The core contribution is the integration of two user-tunable parameters, Depth and Breadth, which provide granular control over the research intensity. This design allows end-users to consciously balance the desired quality and comprehensiveness of the research report against the associated computational cost of Large Language Model (LLM) interactions. The agent's architecture, comprising Supervisor, Independent, and Worker agents, facilitates effective multi-hop information retrieval and parallel sub-topic investigation. We evaluate the Static-DRA against the established DeepResearch Bench using the RACE (Reference-based Adaptive Criteria-driven Evaluation) framework. Configured with a depth of 2 and a breadth of 5, and powered by the gemini-2.5-pro model, the agent achieved an overall score of 34.72. Our experiments validate that increasing the configured Depth and Breadth parameters results in a more in-depth research process and a correspondingly higher evaluation score. The Static-DRA offers a pragmatic and resource-aware solution, empowering users with transparent control over the deep research process. The entire source code, outputs and benchmark results are open-sourced at https://github.com/SauravP97/Static-Deep-Research/