Real-time evolution of critical modes in the QCD phase diagram

TL;DR

This paper develops a QCD-assisted dynamic model to quantitatively study the critical slowing down near the QCD critical end point, revealing a small dynamic critical region and mild effects on freeze-out curves.

Contribution

A novel relaxation dynamic model for the QCD critical mode that quantitatively analyzes critical slowing down without phenomenological parameters.

Findings

Relaxation time is significantly enhanced near the CEP.

The dynamic critical region in the QCD phase diagram is small.

Critical slowing down has mild effects on chemical freeze-out curves.

Abstract

A QCD-assisted relaxation dynamic model for the critical mode of the critical end point (CEP) in the QCD phase diagram is developed, which allows us to investigate the critical slowing down effect quantitatively in the QCD phase diagram, especially in the proximity of the CEP, without any phenomenological parameters. The relaxation time from nonequilibrium to equilibrium in the QCD phase diagram is extracted from the Langevin simulations of the QCD-assisted relaxation dynamic model. It is found that in a narrow region along the phase boundary radiated from the CEP, the relaxation time is enhanced significantly. Outside this narrow region, the relaxation time drops drastically, which implies that the dynamic critical region is small in the QCD phase diagram. We also find that the effects of critical slowing down are mild on the chemical freeze-out curves.