A Comprehensive Survey of 3GPP Release 19 ISAC Channel Modeling: From Empirical Features to Unified Methodology and Standardized Simulator
Yameng Liu, Yuxiang Zhang, Jianhua Zhang, Yuanpeng Pei, Changsheng Zhao, Shilin Luo, Lei Tian, Yingyang Li, Wei Hong, Jianming Wu, Guangyi Liu, Yan Li, Tao Jiang, Chuangxin Jiang, Junchen Liu, Yongqiang Fei, Woo-Suk Ko, Jing Xu, Bin Liang, Takahiro Tomie

TL;DR
This paper systematically surveys 3GPP Release 19 ISAC channel modeling, covering empirical features, unified modeling approaches, and the development of a standardized simulator to support 6G ISAC system evaluation.
Contribution
It introduces an Extended Geometry-based Stochastic Model (E-GBSM) for ISAC channels and develops a standardized simulator aligned with 3GPP Release 19 specifications.
Findings
E-GBSM effectively captures key ISAC channel features.
The standardized simulator shows close agreement with industrial reference results.
The survey provides comprehensive insights into ISAC channel standardization and modeling practices.
Abstract
Integrated Sensing and Communication (ISAC) has been identified as a key 6G application by ITU and 3GPP. Channel measurement and modeling is a prerequisite for ISAC system design and has attracted widespread attention from both academia and industry. 3GPP Release 19 initiated the ISAC channel study item in December 2023 and finalized its modeling specification in May 2025 after extensive technical discussions. However, a comprehensive survey that provides a systematic overview,from empirical channel features to modeling methodologies and standardized simulators,remains unavailable. In this paper, the key requirements and challenges in ISAC channel research are first analyzed, followed by a structured overview of the standardization workflow throughout the 3GPP Release 19 process. Then, critical aspects of ISAC channels, including physical objects, target channels, and background…
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Taxonomy
TopicsMillimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling · Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization · Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques
