Entanglement evolution from entangled multipodal states

TL;DR

This paper introduces entangled multipodal states in fermionic systems, analyzing their entanglement dynamics both in equilibrium and after quenches, revealing complex behaviors and non-local quasiparticle excitations.

Contribution

It generalizes crosscap states to multipodal states with multi-site correlations, providing new insights into entanglement evolution in fermionic lattice systems.

Findings

Equilibrium entanglement exhibits volume-law growth and saturation.

Post-quench dynamics show complex quasiparticle behavior.

Negative tripartite information indicates non-local correlations.

Abstract

In a periodic lattice system an entangled antipodal pair state, otherwise known as a crosscap state, is a simple two site product state in which spins at antipodal sites are prepared in Bell pairs. Such states have maximal bipartite entanglement and serve as a useful platform for studying the quench dynamics of systems which have large initial entanglement. In this paper, we study a generalization of these states which we dub entangled mutipodal states. These states, which are defined for fermionic systems, generalize the crosscap states by having correlations among more than two sites, specifically, those which sit at the vertices of regular polygons. By construction, the states are Gaussian and translationally invariant allowing many of their properties to be understood. We study the bipartite entanglement entropy of these states both in and out of equilibrium. In equilibrium, the entanglement profile as a function of subsystem size exhibits two distinct regimes, a volume-law growth followed by a saturation to a constant value, thus generalizing the Page-curve profile of the crosscap state. In the non-equilibrium setting, we study quenches from these initial states to the free-fermion chain, whose ensuing dynamics displays a far richer structure compared to the crosscap case. We interpret our results in terms of the quasiparticle picture, which requires multiplets of quasiparticles to be excited non-locally around the system. This scenario is confirmed by the appearance of a post-quench, negative tripartite information.