Translating Measures onto Mechanisms: The Cognitive Relevance of Higher-Order Information

TL;DR

This paper reviews higher-order information measures in neuroscience, focusing on translating their mathematical properties into mechanistic insights about neural computation and communication, emphasizing the balance of synergy and redundancy.

Contribution

It systematically analyzes multivariate information metrics, linking their properties to cognitive functions and proposing a framework for interpreting higher-order dependencies in neural data.

Findings

Higher-order dependence characterized by interaction strength and redundancy-synergy axes

Balanced synergy and redundancy optimize multiscale neural complexity

Guidelines for applying partial information decomposition to neural data

Abstract

Higher-order information theory has become a rapidly growing toolkit in computational neuroscience, motivated by the idea that multivariate dependencies can reveal aspects of neural computation and communication that are invisible to pairwise analyses. Yet functional interpretations of synergy and redundancy often outpace principled arguments for how statistical quantities map onto mechanistic cognitive processes. Here we review the main families of higher-order measures with the explicit goal of translating mathematical properties into defensible mechanistic inferences. First, we systematize Shannon-based multivariate metrics and demonstrate that higher-order dependence is parsimoniously characterized by two largely independent axes: interaction strength and redundancy-synergy balance. We argue that balanced layering of synergistic integration and redundant broadcasting optimizes multiscale complexity, formalizing a computation-communication tradeoff. We then examine the partial information decomposition and outline pragmatic considerations for its deployment in neural data. Equipped with the relevant mathematical essentials, we connect redundancy-synergy balance to cognitive function by progressively embedding their mathematical properties in real-world constraints, starting with small synthetic systems before gradually building up to neuroimaging. We close by identifying key future directions for mechanistic insight: cross-scale bridging, intervention-based validation, and thermodynamically grounded unification of information dynamics.