Fully Integrated Perovskite Polaritonic Circuits with Tunable Lasing and Nonlinear Amplification

TL;DR

This paper presents a scalable, integrated perovskite polaritonic circuit capable of room-temperature lasing and nonlinear amplification, advancing compact, energy-efficient optical information processing technologies.

Contribution

It introduces a novel, simple fabrication method for on-chip polaritonic circuits with integrated gratings, enabling room-temperature lasing and nonlinear amplification.

Findings

Achieved room-temperature polariton lasing in integrated circuits.

Demonstrated nonlinear self-phase modulation at room temperature.

First observation of optical amplification of guided polaritons at room temperature.

Abstract

Photonic integrated circuits are emerging as a key technology for compact and energy-efficient optical information processing. Yet, their practical implementation remains limited by the intrinsically weak optical nonlinearities of conventional materials, which demand high power and large footprints to achieve significant nonlinear responses. Exciton-polaritons, hybrid light-matter excitations of semiconducting materials, offer a promising solution by combining strong optical nonlinearities with the high speed and large scalability typical of photonic devices. However, despite their potential, working on-chip polaritonic elements demonstrating room temperature coherent lasing, controllable nonlinear propagation, or amplification have remained elusive. Here we demonstrate a fully integrated perovskite polaritonic circuit that overcomes these limitations. Using a single-step microfluidic lithographic technique, we realize waveguide circuits with integrated gratings that simultaneously act as couplers and mirrors, forming in-plane Fabry-P\'erot cavities. These structures support robust in-plane polariton lasing between gratings, yielding coherent emission along the waveguide. Furthermore, we observe clear signatures of strong nonlinear self-phase modulation and, for the first time, optical amplification of guided polaritons at room temperature. Our simple, scalable platform opens the way to low-power, highly nonlinear optical circuits for integrated photonics and neuromorphic architectures operating at room temperature.