Multimode interface between optical free-space- and waveguide modes

TL;DR

This paper introduces a broadband, low-crosstalk interface that efficiently converts multiple free-space Laguerre-Gauss modes into waveguide modes, enhancing multi-mode optical communication and on-chip processing.

Contribution

It presents the first experimental demonstration of a passive, broadband mode converter bridging free-space and waveguide modes using multi-plane light conversion.

Findings

Achieved low-crosstalk mode conversion for three LG modes and three TE waveguide modes

Operates across the telecom C-band without active switching

Provides a scalable platform for increased data capacity in optical networks

Abstract

Free-space and on-chip photonic systems are key components in optical communication networks. While free-space beams allow for the flexible generation and manipulation of spatial modes, integrated waveguides provide compact and stable platforms for on-chip signal processing. Bridging these two domains is essential for scalable multi-mode communication networks. Here, we present an efficient, broadband interface capable of converting multiple higher-order free-space Laguerre-Gauss (LG) modes into corresponding waveguide modes using the multi-plane light conversion (MPLC) scheme. We experimentally demonstrate low-crosstalk mode conversion between various set of three LG modes, and the first three TE modes of a multimode silicon waveguide across the telecom C-band. The system operates passively without active switching and can be adapted to different spatial mode sets. This platform provides a pathway to increased data capacities and may enable more compact and efficient multi-mode optical communication and on-chip processing schemes.