Metasurface Holography on a Relative-Phase Manifold for Stable and High Fidelity Tweezer-Array Generation

TL;DR

This paper introduces a metasurface holography method that uses relative phase control for stable, high-fidelity optical tweezer arrays, improving robustness and enabling complex polarization and phase manipulations.

Contribution

It proposes a novel approach focusing on relative phases for hologram optimization, leading to enhanced stability and fidelity in tweezer array generation compared to traditional algorithms.

Findings

Achieved high-fidelity polarization-resolved tweezer arrays with a single metasurface.

Demonstrated phase stability and resistance to optical aberrations.

Enabled formation of vortex tweezer lattices without quality loss.

Abstract

We present a new holographic approach for generating large scale, polarization resolved optical tweezer arrays. By analyzing the ideal Jones fields that realize a target pattern, we identify that the fundamental degrees of freedom are the relative phases of the individual tweezers, rather than the full spatial phase profile. Leveraging this insight, we formulate a reverse projection optimization that adjusts only a small set of phase parameters to approximate the ideal operator within the physical constraints of a metasurface. This produces significantly higher fidelity and robustness than Gerchberg_Saxton type algorithms. Experimentally, we demonstrate H, V, L, and R polarized tweezer arrays using a single layer metasurface. A key advantage of our method is its phase stability, yielding strong resistance to optical aberrations and enabling coherent global phase modulation such as forming vortex tweezer lattice, without degrading trap quality. This framework provides a conceptually clear and experimentally powerful route for scalable optical field synthesis.