Decomposition of the total wave aberration in generalized optical systems

TL;DR

This paper introduces a numerical method for decomposing wave aberrations in generalized optical systems, allowing surface-by-surface analysis without geometric constraints, and provides additive Zernike contributions for each surface.

Contribution

It presents a novel numerical approach for wave aberration decomposition that is flexible and applicable to complex systems, including freeform optics, and introduces additive surface Zernike contributions.

Findings

The method accurately decomposes wave aberrations into surface contributions.

It does not impose constraints on system geometry or aperture shape.

Additive Zernike contributions for each surface are obtained for the first time.

Abstract

The increasing use of freeform optical surfaces raises the demand for optical design tools developed for generalized systems. In the design process surface-by-surface aberration contributions are of special interest. The expansion of the wave aberration function into field and pupil dependent coefficients is an analytical method used for that purpose. An alternative numerical approach utilizing data from the trace of multiple ray sets is proposed. The optical system is divided into segments of the optical path measured along the chief ray. Each segment covers one surface and the distance to the subsequent surface. Surface contributions represent the change of the wavefront that occurs due to propagation through individual segments. Further, the surface contributions are divided with respect to their phenomenological origin into intrinsic, induced and transfer components. Each component is determined from a separate set of rays. The proposed method does not place any constraints on the system geometry or the aperture shape. However, here we concentrate on near-circular apertures and specify the resulting wavefront error maps using an expansion into Zernike polynomials. Hence, for the first time additive surface Zernike contributions are obtained.