Tissue stress measurements with Bayesian Inversion Stress Microscopy

TL;DR

This paper presents Bayesian Inversion Stress Microscopy (BISM), a robust method for measuring internal tissue stresses across various experimental conditions without assumptions on cell rheology, enhancing understanding of tissue mechanics.

Contribution

The paper demonstrates the broad applicability and robustness of BISM in different tissue configurations and compares it with other stress measurement techniques, highlighting its advantages.

Findings

BISM accurately measures tissue stresses in various boundary conditions.

It works with heterogeneous tissues of different cell types.

BISM does not require assumptions on cell rheology.

Abstract

Cells within biological tissue are constantly subjected to dynamic mechanical forces. Measuring the internal stress of tissues has proven crucial for our understanding of the role of mechanical forces in fundamental biological processes like morphogenesis, collective migration, cell division or cell elimination and death. Previously, we have introduced Bayesian Inversion Stress Microscopy (BISM), which is relying on measuring cell-generated traction forces in vitro and has proven particularly useful to measure absolute stresses in confined cell monolayers. We further demonstrate the applicability and robustness of BISM across various experimental settings with different boundary conditions, ranging from confined tissues of arbitrary shape to monolayers composed of different cell types. Importantly, BISM does not require assumptions on cell rheology. Therefore, it can be applied to complex heterogeneous tissues consisting of different cell types, as long as they can be grown on a flat substrate. Finally, we compare BISM to other common stress measurement techniques using a coherent experimental setup, followed by a discussion on its limitations and further perspectives.