Diffuse scattering measurements and mechanism analysis at 8, 12, and 28 GHz for typical building surfaces

TL;DR

This paper presents a comprehensive study of diffuse scattering mechanisms on building surfaces across multiple frequencies, introducing a novel 3D measurement method and a hybrid scattering model to improve parameterization and modeling accuracy.

Contribution

It introduces a new 3D measurement procedure, a novel parameterization method using high-bandwidth profiles, and the ER-BK hybrid model for better diffuse scattering analysis.

Findings

Diffuse scattering at 8 and 12 GHz is similar, different from 28 GHz.

The BK model fits the data better than existing models.

The parameterized BK model generalizes well across incident angles.

Abstract

This study investigates the fundamental diffuse scattering mechanisms from three typical building wall surfaces, conducting measurements and model parameterization at 28 GHz and two key FR3 frequencies (8 GHz and 12 GHz). A novel three-dimensional (3D) measurement procedure is proposed to capture comprehensive spatial characteristics, and its effectiveness in improving parameterization accuracy was verified using 28 GHz data. For parameterization, we developed a new method utilizing two dimensions of the high-bandwidth power delay profile-received power and delay spread-thereby fully leveraging the rich information provided by such measurements. Furthermore, we introduce the ER-BK hybrid model, which integrates the Beckmann-Kirchhoff (BK) model's high accuracy and cross-frequency adaptability with the Effective Roughness (ER) model's simplicity, applying it to the building surfaces. Our results show that diffuse scattering at 8 GHz and 12 GHz is highly similar, distinct from that at 28 GHz. A comparison revealed that the BK model provides a better fit for our FR3 measurement data. Crucially, we validated the angular generalization of the parameterized BK model using data from a different incident angle than the one used for fitting. The feasibility of the ER-BK hybrid model was also verified through simulation of the parameterized marble surface.