Resonant Dyakonov-Shur Magnetoplasmons in Graphene Terahertz Photodetectors

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates the use of graphene-based terahertz photodetectors that leverage magnetoplasmons for tunable, frequency-selective, and highly sensitive terahertz detection, revealing distinct behaviors in monolayer and bilayer graphene.

Contribution

It provides the first on-chip experimental observation of resonant magnetoplasmons in graphene TeraFETs, highlighting their potential for magnetically tunable terahertz photonics.

Findings

Monolayer graphene exhibits non-monotonic plasmon dispersion due to Dirac carriers.

Bilayer graphene shows conventional Schrödinger-type magnetoplasmon dispersion.

The devices enable magnetically programmable, frequency-selective terahertz photodetection.

Abstract

Graphene plasmons confine incident terahertz fields far below the diffraction limit and, when hosted by a gate-defined Fabry-Perot cavity, enable electrically tunable, frequency-selective photodetectors. In a magnetic field, these plasmons hybridize with the cyclotron motion to form magnetoplasmons, offering a platform for fundamental studies and for nonreciprocal, spectrally selective, ultrasensitive terahertz photonics. However, implementing magnetoplasmon-assisted resonant transistors at terahertz frequencies has remained challenging so far. Here we use gate-dependent, on-chip terahertz photocurrent spectroscopy combined with a perpendicular magnetic field to resolve and probe the evolution of resonant magnetoplasmons in antenna-coupled monolayer and bilayer graphene TeraFETs. In monolayer graphene the dispersion reflects the Dirac nature of the carriers, exhibiting a non-monotonic density dependence due to the interplay of plasma resonance and cyclotron motion, with an inflection point at maximal plasmon-cyclotron coupling. In contrast, in bilayer graphene we recover and map a magnetoplasmon dispersion consistent with the conventional Schr\"odinger-type picture. These results establish graphene TeraFET devices as a robust on-chip platform for resonant magnetoplasmonics at terahertz frequencies, enabling magnetically programmable, frequency-selective photonics and opening avenues toward photodetectors with enhanced sensitivity.