Baby Universes from Thermal Pure States in SYK

TL;DR

This paper models a baby universe from black hole interiors using a low-temperature thermal pure state of two SYK models, revealing phase transitions and bulk entanglement properties in a holographic setting.

Contribution

It introduces a simple 2D holographic model of a baby universe derived from JT gravity and SYK systems, highlighting phase transitions and entanglement structure.

Findings

Construction of a baby universe from SYK models.

Identification of a phase transition between black hole and AdS phases.

Bulk entanglement remains large (O(N)) below the transition.

Abstract

We construct a simple two-dimensional holographic model of a closed "baby" universe. The baby universe spacetime originates from the black hole interior in Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity. The holographic description is a low-temperature thermal pure state of two Sachdev-Ye-Kitaev (SYK) models. The construction of the state relies on the insertion of a heavy matter operator, which supports the baby universe, together with a first-order thermal phase transition between a black hole phase and an empty Anti de Sitter (AdS) phase. For the transition, we employ a version of the Maldacena-Qi phase transition of two coupled SYK systems. The bulk entanglement between the AdS region and the baby universe remains O(N) below the transition, owing to the large number of light bulk fields. This entanglement admits a definition through coarse-graining over SYK couplings.