Deep Filament Extraction for 3D Concrete Printing

TL;DR

This paper introduces an automated, sensor-independent quality control workflow for 3D concrete printing filaments, applicable in real-time or post-process, enhancing the accuracy and reliability of printed structures.

Contribution

It presents a novel, sensor-agnostic QC procedure for filament geometry in large-scale 3D concrete printing, suitable for online and post-printing inspection.

Findings

Workflow is compatible with various sensors like cameras, SLS, TLS.

Applicable to both fresh and cured materials.

Enhances filament quality control in 3DCP processes.

Abstract

The architecture, engineering and construction (AEC) industry is constantly evolving to meet the demand for sustainable and effective design and construction of the built environment. In the literature, two primary deposition techniques for large-scale 3D concrete printing (3DCP) have been described, namely extrusion-based (Contour Crafting-CC) and shotcrete 3D printing (SC3DP) methods. The deposition methods use a digitally controlled nozzle to print material layer by layer. The continuous flow of concrete material used to create the printed structure is called a filament or layer. As these filaments are the essential structure defining the printed object, the filaments' geometry quality control is crucial. This paper presents an automated procedure for quality control (QC) of filaments in extrusion-based and SC3DP printing methods. The paper also describes a workflow that is independent of the sensor used for data acquisition, such as a camera, a structured light system (SLS) or a terrestrial laser scanner (TLS). This method can be used with materials in either the fresh or cured state. Thus, it can be used for online and post-printing QC.