Raising the Cavity Frequency in cQED

TL;DR

This paper demonstrates a novel cQED system with a high-frequency cavity at 21 GHz coupled to a 5 GHz transmon, maintaining strong qubit coherence and readout efficiency, opening new avenues for quantum device design.

Contribution

It introduces the first implementation of a high-frequency cavity in cQED while keeping a standard transmon qubit, showing preserved qubit performance and potential advantages.

Findings

Qubit coherence time exceeds 100 microseconds.

Quantum efficiency of readout reaches 8%.

Dispersive shift remains in the MHz range despite large detuning.

Abstract

The basic element of circuit quantum electrodynamics (cQED) is a cavity resonator strongly coupled to a superconducting qubit. Since the inception of the field, the choice of the cavity frequency was, with a few exceptions, been limited to a narrow range around 7 GHz due to a variety of fundamental and practical considerations. Here we report the first cQED implementation, where the qubit remains a regular transmon at about 5 GHz frequency, but the cavity's fundamental mode raises to 21 GHz. We demonstrate that (i) the dispersive shift remains in the conventional MHz range despite the large qubit-cavity detuning, (ii) the quantum efficiency of the qubit readout reaches 8%, (iii) the qubit's energy relaxation quality factor exceeds $10^7$, (iv) the qubit coherence time reproducibly exceeds $100~\mu\rm{s}$ and can reach above $300~\mu\rm{s}$ with a single echoing $\pi$-pulse correction. The readout error is currently limited by an accidental resonant excitation of a non-computational state, the elimination of which requires minor adjustments to the device parameters. Nevertheless, we were able to initialize the qubit in a repeated measurement by post-selection with $2\times 10^{-3}$ error and achieve $4\times 10^{-3}$ state assignment error. These results encourage in-depth explorations of potentially transformative advantages of high-frequency cavities without compromising existing qubit functionality.