Integration of 2D Materials in Radial van der Waals Heterostructure Metasurfaces

TL;DR

This paper presents a compact, high-Q, polarization-invariant metasurface integrating 2D materials, enabling enhanced exciton-photon interactions and scalable hybrid photonic-excitonic states for advanced nanophotonic applications.

Contribution

It introduces a novel radial BIC-based metasurface with high Q-factors and small footprint, supporting robust exciton-photon coupling in 2D material platforms.

Findings

Enhanced photoluminescence when resonance aligns with exciton

Supports high-Q resonances in sub-8x8 μm² footprint

Robust exciton-photon coupling with minimal linewidth broadening

Abstract

Two-dimensional semiconductors, such as monolayer transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDC), exhibit strong excitonic transitions at room temperature and offer a unique platform for exploring light-matter interactions in nanoscale photonic systems. In this work, we demonstrate a compact and polarization-invariant photonic metasurface, fabricated from hexagonal boron-nitride (hBN) and based on radial bound states in the continuum (BIC), which are formed by radially distributed pairs of structurally asymmetric resonators. The metasurface employs multiple symmetry-breaking perturbations to support high quality-(Q-)factor resonances within a footprint smaller than 8 x 8 $\mu m^2$ - one-sixth of the area of previous approaches. Compared to established hBN metasurface designs, the radial geometry furthermore achieves significantly higher Q-factors with a reduced footprint. By integrating the hBN photonic structure with a WS$_2$ monolayer, we observe enhanced photoluminescence when its resonance is spectrally aligned with the exciton resonance, accompanied by signatures of discrete momentum-space patterns that identify the orbital-angular-momentum-carrying ring eigenmodes. These features persist over a wide range of excitation powers and show minimal linewidth broadening, indicating robust and spatially modulated exciton-photon coupling. This work establishes a scalable approach for generating hybrid photonic-excitonic states with momentum-space structure, offering new opportunities for exciton localization, valley emission, spatially programmable light-matter interaction in two-dimensional material platforms and compact luminescent devices based on 2D material-integrated metasurfaces.