Entangled-to-packed crossover in nonlinear extensional rheology of entangled polymers

TL;DR

This paper reveals a strain-induced crossover from entangled to packed states in nonlinear extensional rheology of polymers, challenging traditional models and providing a new framework for understanding polymer flow behavior.

Contribution

It introduces the concept of a strain-induced entangled-to-packed crossover, highlighting its role in polymer rheology and proposing a modified stress calculation approach.

Findings

Crossover occurs after primitive chain stretch saturation.

Massive entanglement release via convective flow.

Steady state characterized by packed, aligned chains.

Abstract

Significant challenges exist in the nonlinear extensional rheology of entangled polymers. With simulations, we show that the key to understanding this problem is to recognize the existence and importance of a strain-induced crossover from the entangled state to a packed state. This crossover, following the saturation of primitive chain stretch, takes place with massive release of entanglements via convective flow and progressive chain alignment. After the crossover, the disentangled, fully-aligned chain segments pack similarly to the random packing of rods. Meanwhile, the system enters the steady state. In this state, the tube model, built on the concept of entanglement, fails, while the stress can be quantitatively calculated by combining the intra-chain conformational contribution and a frictional contribution from the inter-chain separation along flow.