Simulations of high-energy neutrino emissions from blazars with the LeHa-Paris code

TL;DR

This paper develops a methodology using the LeHa-Paris code to simulate and extend neutrino emission models from blazars, specifically HBLs, to better understand their role as sources of high-energy cosmic neutrinos.

Contribution

It introduces an extension of neutrino flux templates for HBL blazars using the LeHa-Paris code, enabling broader application to the HBL class.

Findings

Neutrino emission models for selected HBLs are derived.

The methodology allows for comprehensive exploration of neutrino fluxes across HBLs.

Enhanced understanding of blazars as potential sources of high-energy neutrinos.

Abstract

The identification of astrophysical sources responsible for high-energy cosmic neutrinos has long been a challenge. A significant milestone was achieved with the blazar TXS 0506+056, which was found to be in a flaring state of high gamma-ray emission and associated at the 3$\sigma$ level with a 290 TeV neutrino detected by IceCube in September 2017. This discovery motivated deeper exploration of the theoretical link between photon and neutrino emissions. In this context, simulations of proton-photon interactions in blazars and radiative processes are conducted using advanced numerical codes to predict neutrino spectra. The LeHa-Paris code, previously applied to TXS 0506+056, enables the computation of both leptonic and hadronic components of blazar spectral energy distributions, facilitating exploration of a broad parameter space. In this work, starting from the case of PKS 2155-304, one of the brightest and most studied High-frequency-peaked BL Lacs (HBLs), known for its extreme variability and subject of multi-wavelength observational campaigns, a methodology has been developed to extend neutrino flux templates, optimized via LeHa-Paris, to the full class of HBLs. Afterwards, neutrino emission models for a subset of HBLs from the 3HSP catalogue are derived.