A Hamilton-Jacobi Framework in a Field-Road System with Unidirectional Advection under Wentzell-Type Boundary Condition

TL;DR

This paper introduces a Hamilton-Jacobi framework to analyze wave propagation in a field-road system with unidirectional advection and Wentzell boundary conditions, combining variational analysis and optimal control.

Contribution

It develops a novel Hamilton-Jacobi variational inequality for such systems, extending classical methods to non-order-preserving cases and complex geometries.

Findings

Explicit variational representation of the solution

Identification of a critical transition curve in propagation regimes

Numerical simulations illustrating parameter effects on propagation

Abstract

This paper develops a comprehensive Hamilton-Jacobi framework to analyze asymptotic propagation dynamics in a field-road system featuring unidirectional advection and Wentzell-type boundary conditions. We rigorously derive a Hamilton-Jacobi variational inequality as the singular limit of a reaction-diffusion system in the upper half-plane, where the road is modeled as a degenerate one-dimensional medium with enhanced diffusion and tangential drift. By synthesizing viscosity solution theory, optimal control formulation, and variational analysis, we establish the existence, uniqueness, and explicit variational representation of the viscosity solution. The solution is characterized by a fundamental solution constructed via optimal paths, revealing a critical transition in propagation behavior governed by a geometrically derived curve that separates rectilinear and road-assisted regimes. Our framework extends to non-order-preserving systems where classical comparison methods fail, and we provide a detailed asymptotic derivation of the Wentzell boundary condition from flux continuity principles. Furthermore, we generalize the approach to conical domains with intersecting roads, demonstrating the robustness of our variational methodology. Numerical simulations illustrate how advection and diffusion parameters shape the invaded region, highlighting the interplay between field and road dynamics in determining propagation patterns.