Scalable Multisubject Vital Sign Monitoring With mmWave FMCW Radar and FPGA Prototyping

TL;DR

This paper presents a scalable, non-contact vital sign monitoring system using mmWave FMCW radar and FPGA prototyping, capable of simultaneously tracking multiple subjects with improved speed and efficiency.

Contribution

It introduces a novel multi-subject vital sign estimation method with FPGA implementation, achieving significant speed and resource efficiency improvements over previous approaches.

Findings

Successfully monitors multiple subjects simultaneously

Achieves 2.7x faster execution with FPGA hardware

Provides over 7400x acceleration compared to software implementation

Abstract

In this work, we introduce an innovative approach to estimate the vital signs of multiple human subjects simultaneously in a non-contact way using a Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar-based system. Traditional vital sign monitoring methods often face significant limitations, including subject discomfort with wearable devices, challenges in calibration, and the risk of infection transmission through contact measurement devices. To address these issues, this research is motivated by the need for versatile, non-contact vital monitoring solutions applicable in various critical scenarios. This work also explores the challenges of extending this capability to an arbitrary number of subjects, including hardware and theoretical limitations. Supported by rigorous experimental results and discussions, the paper illustrates the system's potential to redefine vital sign monitoring. An FPGA-based implementation is also presented as proof of concept for a hardware-based and portable solution, improving upon previous works by offering 2.7x faster execution and 18.4% less Look-Up Table (LUT) utilization, as well as providing over 7400x acceleration compared to its software counterpart.