Design and Performance Assessment of a Virtualized IED for Digital Substations

TL;DR

This paper develops and evaluates a virtualized Intelligent Electronic Device (vIED) for digital substations, demonstrating its performance and reliability in real-time protection functions to ensure suitability for critical power grid applications.

Contribution

It introduces a high-performance vIED implementation and provides a comprehensive evaluation of its real-time response capabilities in digital substation environments.

Findings

vIEDs achieved acceptable response times in simulations

Virtualization offers scalable and cost-effective IED solutions

Performance validation supports deployment in critical applications

Abstract

Digital substations have significantly enhanced power grid protection by replacing traditional copper wiring with fiber-optic communication and integrating IEC 61850-compliant Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs), resulting in greater efficiency, reliability, and interoperability. While these advancements provide improved interoperability, challenges such as high costs, complex networks, and limited upgradeability persist. To mitigate these issues, the virtualization of IEDs has emerged as a cost-effective solution, offering scalability, simplified maintenance, and reduced hardware costs by replacing traditional hardware-based IEDs with software-based counterparts. However, the performance and reliability of virtual IEDs (vIED) must be rigorously evaluated to ensure their robustness in real-time applications. This paper develops, implements, and evaluates a vIED designed to match the performance of its hardware-based counterparts. The vIED was deployed on a server using virtual machines, with its core logic implemented in low-level programming languages to ensure high-speed, deterministic behavior. The performance was evaluated using real-time simulations, focusing on the response times of the protection functions. The results demonstrated that vIEDs achieved acceptable response times, validating their suitability for deployment in critical time-sensitive environments within digital substations.