$p$-adic $L$-functions for $\mathrm U(2,1)\times\mathrm U(1,1)$

TL;DR

This paper constructs a five-variable p-adic L-function for certain unitary groups, interpolating specific L-values and introducing a new theta operator to extend p-adic analytic techniques.

Contribution

It introduces a novel theta operator and its p-adic variation, enabling the construction of a new p-adic L-function for U(2,1)×U(1,1) that aligns with conjectural predictions.

Findings

Constructed a five-variable p-adic L-function for U(2,1)×U(1,1).

Introduced a new theta operator for p-adic variation.

Confirmed the interpolation formula matches conjectural shapes.

Abstract

We construct the five-variable $p$-adic $L$-function attached to Hida families on $\mathrm U(2,1)\times\mathrm U(1,1)$, interpolating the square-root of Rankin-Selberg $L$-values in the \emph{shifted piano} range. Our construction relies on a new theta operator and its $p$-adic variation which plays a role analogous to the classical Ramanujan-Serre theta operator in Hida's $p$-adic Rankin-Selberg method. The interpolation formula, including the modified Euler factors at $p$ and at the real place, is consistent with the conjectural shape of $p$-adic $L$-functions predicted by Coates and Perrin-Riou.