Anomalous phase shift and superconducting diode effect in Josephson junctions via thin films of rare-earth intermetallic magnets

TL;DR

This paper presents a theoretical study of Josephson junctions with rare-earth intermetallic magnets, demonstrating anomalous phase shifts and diode effects controllable via magnetization orientation, with potential applications in superconducting memory and logic.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed theoretical model of $ ext{GdIr}_2 ext{Si}_2$-based Josephson junctions exhibiting $ ext{φ}_0$-shift and diode effect, highlighting material-specific properties and control mechanisms.

Findings

CPRs show a pronounced $ ext{φ}_0$ of order unity.

Josephson diode effect with efficiency up to 0.3 demonstrated.

Diode efficiency can be tuned by in-plane magnetization rotation.

Abstract

The superconductor/ferromagnet/superconductor (S/F/S) Josephson junctions (JJs) with an anomalous ground state phase shift $\varphi_0 \neq 0,\pi$ ($\varphi_0$-S/F/S JJs) enable the implementation of the zero-field Josephson diode effect with the possibility to control the diode efficiency and polarity. It is just as important that in this case $\varphi_0$ provides a coupling between the superconducting phase and the magnetization of the interlayer. Such $\varphi_0$-S/F/S JJs can be used for superconducting memory and logic circuit applications. Here we present the results of theoretical calculation of the current-phase relationship (CPR), exhibiting the Josephson diode effect and $\varphi_0\neq 0,\pi$, for a JJ through a specific magnetic material. As the interlayer of the JJ we consider an ultra-thin film of intermetallic lanthanide ($Ln$)-based compound $\mathrm{GdIr_2Si_2}$. Using the density functional theory (DFT) methods, we study the electronic structure and magnetic properties of the film. Then the effective tight-binding Hamiltonian (TBH), demonstrating high quantitative consistency with the electronic properties obtained from DFT calculations, is constructed. The TBH is used to calculate CPR in the framework of the Bogolubov-de Gennes approach. The CPRs demonstrate a pronounced $\varphi_0$ of the order of unity and a pronounced Josephson diode effect with the diode efficiency $ \lesssim 0.3$. Moreover, the efficiency can be controlled via rotation of in-plane magnetization in the interlayer. The prospects for utilizing alternative magnetic $Ln$-based materials of the $LnT_2X_2$ family ($T$ is a transition metal and $X$ is a $p$-element from groups III-V) for the implementation in $\varphi_0$-S/F/S JJs are also discussed.