Emergence of oscillatory states of self-propelled colloids under optical confinement

TL;DR

This study experimentally demonstrates how self-propelled colloids under optical confinement exhibit oscillatory states due to a reorienting torque, with a minimal model explaining the transition between different motion regimes.

Contribution

It introduces a minimal phenomenological model capturing the oscillatory trapping behavior of active colloids under optical confinement, including Janus rods.

Findings

Particles show oscillatory trapping inside the laser beam.

Oscillation frequency increases with propulsion speed.

Four regimes of motion identified: diffusion, ballistic, oscillatory, confinement.

Abstract

We investigate experimentally the single-particle motion in water of silica colloidal beads half-coated with carbon under the action of a converging laser beam. The beads are self-propelled in this medium by means of self-thermophoresis resulting from local heating as a result of light absorption by their carbon cap. Within a certain laser power range, we find that these particles exhibit a quasi-two-dimensional active motion near a solid surface with stochastic rotational reversals when propelling themselves away from the region of maximum intensity, which leads to a stable trapping with oscillatory-like behavior inside the illuminated region. The orientation autocorrelation function of this type of confined active motion displays damped oscillations whose characteristic frequency increases with increasing propulsion speed, thus resulting in four regimes of translational motion depending on the observation time scale: thermal diffusion, ballistic motion, oscillatory behavior, and confinement. Our experimental findings are well described by a minimal phenomenological model that includes the nonlinear effect of a torque that reorients the particle toward the center of the optical confinement, which in combination with rotational diffusion gives rise to the observed orientational changes that allow their oscillatory trapping inside the light field. We also show that a similar active trapping mechanism emerges in the case of Janus colloidal rods, even though the periodicity is hindered by their three-dimensional rotation in the laser beam.