Atomic magnetometry based on the ground-state Hanle effect in an elliptically polarized light wave

TL;DR

This paper explores a novel atomic magnetometry technique based on the ground-state Hanle effect with elliptically polarized light, achieving high sensitivity and potential for biomedical applications.

Contribution

It introduces a new magnetometry scheme using elliptically polarized light and ground-state Hanle effect in a compact cesium vapor cell, enhancing sensitivity and reducing heat dissipation.

Findings

Sensitivity limited by technical noise at 180 fT/√Hz

Photon-shot-noise-limited sensitivity estimated at 5 fT/√Hz

Potential for zero-field atomic magnetometers with relaxed shielding requirements

Abstract

We investigate the ground-state Hanle effect in alkali-metal vapor irradiating by a resonant elliptically polarized light wave. The magneto-optical resonances are observed as a change in the ellipticity parameter of the light wave polarization when scanning the transverse magnetic field near zero. We use a miniature ($\approx\,$$0.125$ cm$^3$) glass cesium vapor cell heated to a relatively low temperature of $\approx\,$$85^\circ$C. Under the current experimental conditions, the sensitivity of magnetic field measurements is limited by a technical noise, reaching $180$ fT/$\surd$Hz in a $200$ Hz bandwidth. The ultimate photon-shot-noise-limited sensitivity of the method is estimated to be $\approx\,$$5$ fT/$\surd$Hz. The proposed scheme is promising for the development of a zero-field atomic magnetometer with reduced heat dissipation of the sensor head and relaxed requirements for magnetic shielding compared to counterparts operating in the spin-exchange relaxation-free regime. These features are of particular value for biomedical applications.