Systematic investigation on the superheavy nucleus formation in the reactions of $^{48}$Ca, $^{50}$Ti, $^{51}$V and $^{54}$Cr on actinide nuclei

TL;DR

This paper systematically investigates superheavy nucleus formation in various fusion reactions using a dinuclear system model, analyzing uncertainties with different mass models and predicting optimal conditions for synthesizing elements Z=119 and 120.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive dynamical model including cluster transfer and deformation coupling, and compares multiple mass models to predict superheavy element synthesis outcomes.

Findings

Fusion-evaporation excitation functions vary with mass models.

Predicted optimal beam energies for superheavy element synthesis.

Compared model predictions with experimental data.

Abstract

The synthesis of superheavy elements strongly relies on the competition of the quasifission and fusion fission dynamics in the fusion-evaporation reactions. The systematics on the formation of superheavy nuclei in the $^{48}$Ca, $^{50}$Ti, $^{51}$V and $^{54}$Cr induced fusion reactions on actinide nuclei $^{232}$Th, $^{231}$Pa, $^{238}$U, $^{237}$Np, $^{242,244}$Pu, $^{243}$Am, $^{245,248}$Cm, $^{249}$Bk, $^{249}$Cf has been thoroughly investigated with the dinuclear system model by including the cluster transfer and coupling to the dynamical evolution of the quadrupole deformation parameters. The uncertainties of the fusion-evaporation excitation functions with the mass models of FRDM2012, KTUY05, LDM1966, SkyHFB, WS4 are investigated and compared with the available experimental data from Dubna, GSI, Berkeley and RIKEN. The production cross sections, optimal evaporation channels and beam energies in the synthesis of superheavy elements Z = 119 and 120 were predicted and compared for the different mass models in the reactions of $^{50}\mathrm{Ti} + ^{249}\mathrm{Bk}$, $^{51}\mathrm{V} + ^{248}\mathrm{Cm}$, $^{54}\mathrm{Cr} + ^{243}\mathrm{Am}$, $^{50}\mathrm{Ti} + ^{249}\mathrm{Cf}$, $^{51}\mathrm{V} + ^{249}\mathrm{Bk}$, $^{54}\mathrm{Cr} + ^{248}\mathrm{Cm}$, respectively.