Geometry-induced azimuthal anisotropy in coherent $J/\psi$ photoproduction

TL;DR

This paper shows that azimuthal anisotropy in coherent J/psi photoproduction during peripheral heavy-ion collisions can originate solely from initial electromagnetic field geometry, not hydrodynamic flow, providing a new way to distinguish initial and medium effects.

Contribution

It demonstrates that initial electromagnetic field geometry causes azimuthal anisotropy in coherent J/psi production, challenging the assumption that such anisotropy solely indicates hydrodynamic flow.

Findings

Predicted azimuthal asymmetry matches STAR data.

The asymmetry depends on collision centrality and energy.

Electromagnetic effects can mimic flow signatures.

Abstract

Azimuthal anisotropies in heavy-ion collisions are conventionally interpreted as signatures of hydrodynamic flow. We demonstrate that in peripheral collisions, a significant $\cos 2\phi$ asymmetry in the decay leptons of coherently photoproduced $J/\psi$ mesons arises purely from the initial-state geometry of the nuclear electromagnetic field. This modulation originates from the linear polarization of coherent photons, which is radially aligned in impact parameter space and transferred to the vector meson. By employing light-cone perturbation theory within the dipole formalism, we calculate the centrality dependence of this asymmetry for collisions at RHIC and LHC energies. Our predictions quantitatively reproduce STAR data. This observable thus provides a rigorous benchmark for distinguishing electromagnetic initial-state effects from collective medium dynamics.