Effect of the Memory Burden on Primordial Black Hole Hot Spots

TL;DR

This paper investigates how a proposed memory burden effect that slows primordial black hole evaporation influences the formation and characteristics of hot spots, revealing significant variations in hot-spot morphology and temperature.

Contribution

It introduces a model incorporating memory burden effects into PBH evaporation, deriving formulas for hot-spot properties, and explores how suppression alters hot-spot morphology and temperature.

Findings

Memory burden can significantly lower hot-spot temperature.

Alternative scenarios may produce large hot spots with distinct morphologies.

Suppression of evaporation affects the evolution and appearance of hot spots.

Abstract

When primordial black holes (PBHs) evaporate, they deposit energy in the surrounding plasma, leading to temperature gradients, or hot spots, that evolve during the evaporation process. Motivated by recent studies suggesting that a memory burden may slow down PBH evaporation, we explore how a suppression of the evaporation rate affects the morphology of such hot spots. We include such a suppression in the form of transfer functions and derive general formulas for the hot-spot core temperature and radius. Applying our results to illustrative scenarios, we find that in the vanilla memory burden scenario in which the evaporation rate and Hawking temperature are exactly constant, the hot-spot temperature is substantially lowered. Nonetheless, we show that alternative scenarios may lead to sizeable hot spots with morphologies that differ significantly from the semi-classical case.