Polyampholyte model of ion clusters: double-layer interactions in the presence of dissociated simple salt

TL;DR

This study models ion clusters using polyampholytes to understand their role in mediating interactions between charged surfaces, revealing how charge distribution influences long-range forces in salt solutions.

Contribution

It introduces a polyampholyte model to simulate ion clusters and demonstrates how charge imbalance in polymers can generate strong, long-range surface forces in high salt conditions.

Findings

Uneven charge distribution in polyampholytes causes polarization and strong surface forces.

Polyampholyte-mediated interactions depend on charge distribution and salt concentration.

Results suggest potential for designing polymers to control colloidal stability.

Abstract

We explore interactions between equally charged surfaces, in the presence of simple salt and either neutral or monovalently charged polyampholytes. We consider the possibility of using these charged polymers as crude models of ion clusters. The latter have been hypothesised to form in concentrated aqueous salt solutions, and are possibly related to anomalous underscreening. This phenomenon usually manifests itself by unexpectedly strong and long-ranged effective forces at very high ionic strengths. If ion clusters are formed, they are expected to carry at most a weak net charge. Keeping this in mind, we investigate how polyampholyte chains mediate interactions between charged surfaces. A significant amount of simple salt is also present, in most cases. We highlight that if the charges of the polyampholytes are unevenly distributed, there is a polarisation response that in turn can generate very strong and long-ranged surface forces, even at rather high concentrations of simple salt. Aside from their possible relevance to ion clusters and underscreening phenomena, these results also suggest the possibility of tailoring synthetic polyampholytes, in order to regulate colloidal stability.