Topological 5d $\mathcal{N} = 2$ Gauge Theories: Mirror Symmetry and Langlands Duality of $A_\infty$-categories of Floer Homologies

TL;DR

This paper explores the duality and mirror symmetry between 5d $ abla=2$ gauge theories with Langlands dual groups, revealing new categorical correspondences in Floer homology and providing physical proofs for mathematical conjectures.

Contribution

It establishes a novel duality between topological 5d gauge theories and their categorical Floer homology counterparts, linking physical theories with advanced mathematical structures.

Findings

Demonstrates mirror symmetry and Langlands duality of $A_ abla$-categories of Floer homologies.

Derives Atiyah-Floer-type correspondences to symplectic categories.

Provides physical proofs for mathematical conjectures by Bousseau and Doan-Rezchikov.

Abstract

We explain why on certain five-manifolds, topological 5d $\mathcal{N} = 2$ gauge theory of Haydys-Witten twist with gauge group $G$, is dual to that of Geyer-M\"{u}lsch twist with gauge group $^LG$, where $G$ is a real, compact Lie group with Langlands dual $^LG$. In turn, via their 2d and 3d gauged A/B-twisted Landau-Ginzburg model interpretations, we can show that (i) a Fukaya-Seidel-type $A_\infty$-1-category of an HW$_4$-instanton Floer homology of three-manifolds and (ii) a Fueter-type $A_\infty$-2-category of an HW$_3$-instanton Floer homology of two-manifolds, are dual to (i) an Orlov-type $A_\infty$-1-category of a novel holomorphic $^LG_{\mathbb{H}}$-flat Floer homology of three-manifolds and (ii) a Rozansky-Witten-type $A_\infty$-2-category of a novel holomorphic $^LG_{\mathbb{O}}$-flat Floer homology of two-manifolds, respectively. We also derive their Atiyah-Floer-type correspondences to symplectic categories. Our work, which demonstrates a mirror symmetry and Langlands duality of (higher) $A_\infty$-categories of Floer homologies, therefore furnishes purely physical proofs and gauge-theoretic generalizations of the mathematical conjectures by Bousseau [1] and Doan-Rezchikov [2], and more.