A Neural Field-Based Approach for View Computation & Data Exploration in 3D Urban Environments

TL;DR

This paper introduces a neural field-based method for efficient view computation and data exploration in 3D urban environments, improving analysis of visibility, solar exposure, and visual impact.

Contribution

It presents a novel neural implicit representation that enables faster view queries and occlusion avoidance for large-scale urban data exploration.

Findings

Effective in finding desirable viewpoints

Improves building facade visibility analysis

Facilitates evaluation of outdoor space views

Abstract

Despite the growing availability of 3D urban datasets, extracting insights remains challenging due to computational bottlenecks and the complexity of interacting with data. In fact, the intricate geometry of 3D urban environments results in high degrees of occlusion and requires extensive manual viewpoint adjustments that make large-scale exploration inefficient. To address this, we propose a view-based approach for 3D data exploration, where a vector field encodes views from the environment. To support this approach, we introduce a neural field-based method that constructs an efficient implicit representation of 3D environments. This representation enables both faster direct queries, which consist of the computation of view assessment indices, and inverse queries, which help avoid occlusion and facilitate the search for views that match desired data patterns. Our approach supports key urban analysis tasks such as visibility assessments, solar exposure evaluation, and assessing the visual impact of new developments. We validate our method through quantitative experiments, case studies informed by real-world urban challenges, and feedback from domain experts. Results show its effectiveness in finding desirable viewpoints, analyzing building facade visibility, and evaluating views from outdoor spaces. Code and data are publicly available at https://urbantk.org/neural-3d.