Magnetic atoms with a large electric dipole moment

TL;DR

This study demonstrates that dysprosium atoms can have an induced electric dipole moment exceeding 1 Debye in a long-lived metastable state, enabling new control and manipulation of atomic states with electric fields.

Contribution

The paper reports the first experimental measurement of a large induced electric dipole moment in dysprosium atoms and details the Stark interaction with a third state for state preparation.

Findings

Dysprosium atoms exhibit an induced dipole moment >1 Debye in a metastable state.

The doublet spacing is approximately 1.12 cm$^{-1}$ with kHz accuracy.

The Stark interaction with a third state allows single-photon excitation to the metastable state.

Abstract

We experimentally show that an electric dipole moment of more than 1 Debye can be induced in the dysprosium (Dy) atom, in a long-lived state that is about 17513 cm$^{-1}$ above the ground state. This metastable state is part of a strongly coupled opposite-parity doublet. Using optically detected microwave spectroscopy in an atomic beam, we determine the approximately 1.12 cm$^{-1}$ doublet spacing for the five stable bosonic isotopes of Dy with kHz-level accuracy. From the shift of the microwave transition frequency in low electric fields (below 150 V/cm) and from optical spectra in high electric fields (up to 150 kV/cm), a reduced transition dipole moment of 7.65 $\pm$ 0.05 Debye between the doublet states is extracted. In high electric fields the doublet interacts with a third state at 17727 cm$^{-1}$, that connects to the ground state via an electric-dipole transition. The three-state Stark interaction enables preparation of Dy atoms in the metastable state via single-photon excitation from the ground state.