Auditing Google's AI Overviews and Featured Snippets: A Case Study on Baby Care and Pregnancy

TL;DR

This study systematically audits Google's AI-generated health content features, revealing significant inconsistencies and lack of medical safeguards, emphasizing the need for improved quality controls in high-stakes information domains.

Contribution

It introduces a comprehensive framework for auditing AI content quality in search features, specifically applied to health-related queries, highlighting critical gaps and safety concerns.

Findings

33% inconsistency between AIO and FS answers

Medical safeguards present in only 11% of AIO and 7% of FS responses

Health websites dominate source categories, with FS linking to commercial sources

Abstract

Google Search increasingly surfaces AI-generated content through features like AI Overviews (AIO) and Featured Snippets (FS), which users frequently rely on despite having no control over their presentation. Through a systematic algorithm audit of 1,508 real baby care and pregnancy-related queries, we evaluate the quality and consistency of these information displays. Our robust evaluation framework assesses multiple quality dimensions, including answer consistency, relevance, presence of medical safeguards, source categories, and sentiment alignment. Our results reveal concerning gaps in information consistency, with information in AIO and FS displayed on the same search result page being inconsistent with each other in 33% of cases. Despite high relevance scores, both features critically lack medical safeguards (present in just 11% of AIO and 7% of FS responses). While health and wellness websites dominate source categories for both, AIO and FS, FS also often link to commercial sources. These findings have important implications for public health information access and demonstrate the need for stronger quality controls in AI-mediated health information. Our methodology provides a transferable framework for auditing AI systems across high-stakes domains where information quality directly impacts user well-being.