Human-Centred Requirements Engineering for Critical Systems: Insights from Disaster Early Warning Applications

TL;DR

This paper emphasizes the importance of human-centric requirements in critical systems, proposing a process that integrates social responsibility, demonstrated through a prototype for disaster early warning systems and validated by user evaluations.

Contribution

It introduces a human-centred requirements engineering process for critical systems, incorporating social responsibility and demonstrating its effectiveness through a prototype and user validation.

Findings

Human-centric requirements improve usability and accessibility.

Early integration of social considerations enhances system safety.

Validated through interviews and cognitive walkthroughs.

Abstract

Critical systems, such as those used in healthcare, defence, and disaster management, demand rigorous requirements engineering to ensure safety and reliability. Yet, much of this rigour has traditionally focused on technical assurance, often overlooking the human and social contexts in which these systems operate. This paper argues that considering human-centric aspects is an essential dimension of dependability, and presents a human-centred RE process designed to integrate social responsibility into critical system development. Drawing from a literature review, we identified a set of guidelines for designing software for vulnerable communities and translated these into sixty-two functional and non-functional requirements. These requirements were operationalised through the design of an adaptive early warning system prototype, which was subsequently evaluated through six interviews and eight cognitive walkthroughs to validate their relevance and applicability. The findings demonstrate that human-centric requirements, when addressed early, enhance the usability and accessibility of systems for all users. The paper concludes by positioning human-centricity not as an ethical add-on but as a defining quality of safe and equitable critical systems.