Stable Quantum Vortices in Lee-Huang-Yang Dipolar Superfluids

TL;DR

This paper investigates the formation and stability of quantum vortices in a Lee-Huang-Yang corrected dipolar superfluid, revealing unique vortex configurations and critical rotational frequencies through numerical analysis.

Contribution

It introduces a detailed numerical study of vortex nucleation in LHY superfluids, highlighting the effects of rotation and interaction strength on vortex stability and configurations.

Findings

LHY superfluid exhibits a deep energy and chemical potential minimum, indicating high stability.

A precise single-vortex critical frequency is identified.

Large frequency ranges support the formation of two and four vortices, unlike one and three vortices.

Abstract

The nucleation and dynamics of vortices in the quasi-two-dimensional rotating dipolar Bose-Einstein condensate are explored by taking into account the Lee-Huang-Yang (LHY) correction to the mean-field (MF) theory. Assuming approximate cancellation of the MF interactions, we focus on the formation of a pure LHY superfluid. The effect of rotational frequency $\Omega $ is investigated numerically by determining the corresponding number of stable vortices in the superfluid, together with the respective energy per particle $E$ and chemical potential $\mu $. The LHY superfluid provides a deep minimum of $E$ and $\mu $, indicating that it is a remarkably robust state of quantum matter. By fixing the LHY interaction strength, an exact single-vortex critical frequency is found, along with the respective chemical potential. A notable feature, observed when creating the LHY superfluid with fewer than five vortices, which is understood as being due to the superfluid's nonlinearity and trapping aspect ratio, is the large frequency ranges admitting the production of two and four vortices, as compared to the small frequency ranges to obtain one and three vortices.