RF-Squad: A radiofrequency simulator for quantum dot arrays

TL;DR

RF-Squad is a fast, physics-based simulator for quantum dot arrays that enables realistic RF reflectometry measurement simulations, facilitating the development of autotuning algorithms for scalable quantum computing.

Contribution

The paper introduces RF-Squad, a novel simulator that surpasses the Constant Interaction Model to include complex physical phenomena, with high computational efficiency for large-scale quantum dot array modeling.

Findings

Simulates a 100x100 pixel charge stability diagram in ~52 milliseconds.

Achieves high speed by leveraging JAX for accelerated computations.

Allows flexible balance between physical accuracy and computational speed.

Abstract

Spins in semiconductor quantum dots offer a scalable approach to quantum computing; however, precise control and efficient readout of large quantum dot arrays remain challenging, mainly due to the hyperdimensional voltage space required for tuning multiple gates per dot. To automate this process, large datasets are required for testing and training autotuning algorithms. To address the demand for such large datasets, we introduce RF-Squad, a physics-based simulator designed to realistically replicate radiofrequency (RF) reflectometry measurements of quantum dot arrays, with the ability to go beyond the Constant Interaction Model (CIM) and simulate physical phenomena such as tunnel coupling, tunnel rates, and quantum confinement. Implemented in JAX, an accelerated linear algebra library, RF-Squad achieves high computational speed, enabling the simulation of a 100x100 pixel charge stability diagram of a double quantum dot (DQD) in 52.1 $\pm$0.2 milliseconds at the CIM level. Using optimization algorithms, combined with it's layered architecture, RF-Squad allows users to balance physical accuracy with computational speed, scaling from simple to highly detailed models.